A sunny day, or clear sky during nighttime, is when there are clouds above the horizon.
Partly cloudy
Partially cloudy weather is when some clouds are hovering above the horizon level; however, most of the sky remains clear and there is no precipitation of any kind.
Cloudy
Cloudy weather is when a significant amount of clouds is covering the sky.
Rain
Rain is the condensed moisture of the atmosphere above falling under the form of liquid droplets.
Snow
Snow is atmospheric water that froze and fell to the ground, covering it. It happens when the temperature of the air falls at 0°C.